What is the role of insulation on a wire?

The role of insulation on a wire primarily involves preventing electrical shock. Insulation surrounds the conductive material of the wire, effectively separating it from the environment and from contact with other conductive materials. This protective layer helps to ensure that electricity flows only through the wire and does not escape or come into contact with people or other objects that could be at risk of electrical shock.

Additionally, insulation serves to protect the wire from damage due to environmental factors; for example, it can provide resistance to moisture, abrasion, and various chemicals. This is crucial for maintaining safety and functionality in electrical systems, ensuring that the wire operates effectively without posing hazards to users.

While insulation can indeed offer some thermal protection, its primary and most critical function is to maintain safety by preventing electrical shock.