What is the chemical reaction that solder must be prevented from undergoing with metal?

Solder must be prevented from undergoing oxidation with metal because oxidation can compromise the quality and effectiveness of the solder joint. In a soldering process, the solder, which is typically made of tin and lead or other alloy compositions, needs to form a reliable electrical and mechanical connection with the metal surfaces it is joining.

When oxidation occurs, it forms an oxide layer on the metal surface. This oxide layer creates a barrier that prevents the solder from properly wetting and adhering to the metal. As a result, the solder may not flow into the joint effectively, leading to poor electrical conductivity, weakened structural integrity, and potentially complete failure of the joint.

Maintaining a clean, oxide-free metal surface is crucial during soldering to ensure a strong and reliable connection. This is why preventing oxidation is essential in the soldering process.